1. Which organization celebrates International Mathematics Day?
A. Mathematical Research Institute
B. MIT
C. UNESCO
D. The International Institute of Mathematical Sciences
Solution
The correct answer is UNESCO.
Key Points
- The proclamation of March 14 as the International Day of Mathematics was adopted by the Executive Council of UNESCO at its 205th session.
- It was adopted by the 40th session of the General Conference of the UNESCO in November 2019.
- The inaugural celebration of the IDM took place on March 14, 2020.
- Greater global awareness of mathematical sciences is vital in addressing challenges such as artificial intelligence, climate change, energy and sustainable development, and improving the quality of life in both the developed and the developing worlds.
- In many countries, 14 March (3/14) is already celebrated as Pi Day because π can be rounded to 3.14.
- The main aim is to showcase the fundamental role played by the mathematical sciences in the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and
- In reinforcing the two UNESCO priorities: Africa and Gender Equality.
- Theme 2022: Mathematics Unites!
2. When did the United States drop atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
A. 1945 AD
B. 1940 AD
C. 1943 AD
D. 1942 AD
Solution
The correct answer is 1945 AD.
Key Points
- The atomic bombing on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the U.S.
- On 6th August 1945, the United States of America dropped its first atomic bomb on Hiroshima in Japan.
- Three days later, on August 9, 1945, the U.S. dropped the next atomic bomb on Japan’s Nagasaki.
- The first atomic bomb was nicknamed ‘Little Boy’ and the second atomic bomb was nicknamed ‘Fat Man’.
- The United States became the first and only nation to use atomic weapons in a war.
- Their use of the bomb led to the end of World War II and significantly started the Cold War and the Arms Race.
3. How many articles of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) were adopted in 1948 by the United Nations General Assembly?
A. 30
B. 40
C. 35
D. 42
Solution
The correct answer is ‘30′.
Key Points
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
- The UDHR articulates the fundamental rights and freedoms of all human beings.
- The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the 30 articles of the Declaration on 10 December 1948.
- It was drafted by a UN committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt.
Additional Information 10 December, the anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration, is celebrated annually as World Human Rights Day or International Human Rights Day.
4. Who was the ruler of the Roman empire when it was divided into Western and Eastern parts?
A. Julius Caesar
B. Augustus Imperator
C. Constantine
D. Diocletian
Solution
The correct answer is Constantine.
Key Points
Constantine
- Known as Constantine the Great, he emerged as a significant figure in the Roman Empire.
- During his rule, the Roman Empire saw considerable changes, including its division into Eastern and Western parts.
- He also established a new capital, Constantinople, on the site of the ancient city of Byzantium, adding to his legacy.
Additional Information
Julius Caesar
- Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, and historian who turned the Roman Republic into the powerful Roman Empire.
Augustus Imperator
- Also known as Octavian, Augustus was the founder of the Roman Principate and the first Roman Emperor.
Diocletian
- Diocletian was a Roman Emperor who carried out significant political and military reforms that prolonged the period of the Roman Empire.
5. The first industrial revolution happened in England during the period of
A. 1780 – 1850
B. 1750 – 1780
C. 1700 – 1750
D. 1600 – 1700
Solution
The first industrial revolution happened in England during the period of 1780 – 1850.
Key Points
- Industrial Revolution means the transformation of industry and economy of a country with quick succession than normal slow rate.
- Georges Michelet of France, and Friedrich Engels of Germany were the first to use the term Industrial Revolution.
- The first Industrial Revolution began in England during the period of 1780 – 1850.
- Due to the following reasons, Industrial Revolution first occurred in England:
- England was the first country to experience industrialization because it had been a politically stable country.
- There was abundance of natural resources like iron and coal in England. Iron and coal are necessary resources for the functioning of any industry.
- England was an economically sound country. The Britishers had been doing business in foreign countries. They had amassed huge wealth which was necessary for the functioning of industries.
- England had trade relations with many countries of the world. They had better transportation facility available. Through this, they could sell their products in the markets of other countries too.
- There was availability of labour forces at cheap rates in England.
Hence, we can conclude that the first industrial revolution happened in England during the period of 1780 – 1850.
6. Russian revolution of 1917 started from which city?
A. Moscow
B. Ukraine
C. Warsaw
D. Petrograd
Solution
The correct answer is Petrograd.
Key Points
- Social unrest in Russia had been simmering for decades.
- In the early 1900s, Russia was one of the most impoverished countries in Europe with an enormous peasantry and a growing minority of poor industrial workers.
- By 1917 the bond between the Tsar and most of the Russian people had been broken.
- Governmental corruption and inefficiency were rampant.
- The Tsar’s reactionary policies, including the occasional dissolution of the Russian Parliament- the Duma added fuel to the fire.
- Russian government’s inefficient conduct in World War I proved to be the final nail in the coffin.
- Two revolutions took place during the Russian Revolution of 1917.
- The first revolution took place in February which brought down the imperial government.
- The second revolution took place in October which brought the Bolsheviks into power.
- Famine-stricken industrial Petrograd Soviet workers and angry protestors hit the streets of St. Petersburg on February 23rd 1917.
- After initially responding to orders to shoot rioters, the soldiers switched sides. They shot their officers and became part of the rebellion.
- Within a few days, the Parliament of Russia formed a new Provisional Government under Alexander Kerensky and the Tsar of Russia was forced to renounce the throne.
- On October 16, 1917, Lenin united the Petrograd Soviet and the Bolshevik Party for a socialist seizure of power.
- The socialist insurgence began on October 24, 1917.
- They occupied key locations across St. Petersburg and Russia and soon formed a new government with Lenin as its head and renamed themselves the ‘communist party’.
Thus, the Russian Revolution of 1917 began in the city of Petrograd.
7. The Orange Revolution is associated with which of the following countries?
A. Belarus
B. Russia
C. Ukraine
D. Latvia
Solution
The correct answer is Ukraine.
- The Orange Revolution is associated with Ukraine.
Key Points
- The Orange Revolution:
- It was a series of demonstrations, protests and political events that took place in Ukraine.
- It took place from late November 2004 to January 2005.
- The main reason was the aftermath of the run-off vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election.
- The election was claimed to be tarnished by massive corruption, voter intimidation and electoral fraud.
- The Ukrainian capital Kyiv was the focal point of the campaign of civil resistance.
- Ukraine:
- Capital: Kyiv Trending
- Currency: Ukrainian hryvnia
- President: Volodymyr Zelensky
Additional Information
- Belarus
- Capital- Minsk
- Currency- Belarusian ruble.
- Russia:
- Capital- Moscow
- Currency: Rouble
- Latvia:
- Capital: Riga
- Currency: Euro
8. When did the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan die?
A. 1219
B. 1210
C. 1235
D. 1227
Solution
The correct answer is 1227.
Key Points
- Genghis Khan, original name Temüjin, (born 1162, near Lake Baikal, Mongolia—died August 18, 1227), was a Mongolian warrior-ruler, one of the most famous conquerors of history, who consolidated tribes into a unified Mongolia.
- Genghis Khan died in 1227, having spent most of his life in military combat.
- His military achievements were astounding and they were largely a result of his ability to innovate and transform different aspects of steppe combat into extremely effective military strategies.
- Between 18 to Aug. 25, 1227, during Genghis Khan’s last campaign against the Western Xia, he felt unwell with a fever that ultimately killed him within eight days after the disease’s onset.
9. In which conference was the United Nations Organization charter finalized ?
A. Yalta conference
B. San Fransisco conference
C. Moscow conference
D. Dumbarton ox conference
Solution
The United Nations Organization charter was finalized in San Fransisco conference.
Key Points
- The U. N. O. was founded as a successor to the League of Nations.
- It was established in 1945 immediately after the Second World War.
- The representatives of 51 governments met in San Francisco on 25 April 1945, to draft what would become the UN Charter.
- The Charter was adopted on 25 June 1945 and came into effect on 24 October 1945.
- The organisation was set up through the signing of the United Nations Charter by 51 states at San Fransisco conference.
- It tried to achieve what the League could not between the two world wars.
- The UN’s objective is to prevent international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among states.
- It was founded with the hope that it would act to stop the conflicts between states escalating into war and, if war broke out, to limit the extent of hostilities.
- Furthermore, since conflicts often arose from the lack of social and economic development, the UN was intended to bring countries together to improve the prospects of social and economic development all over the world.
- The headquarter of U. N. O. is located at New York, USA.
Thus, we can conclude that the United Nations Organization charter was finalized in San Fransisco conference.
10. Which of the following countries was not a part of the Axis powers in World War II?
A. Japan
B. Italy
C. Germany
D. Britain
Solution
The correct answer is Britain.
Key Points
- The Axis powers were a military alliance formed during World War II.
- The three principal members were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan.
- They were united by their far-right political positions and their opposition to the Allies.
- The Axis powers were responsible for some of the most horrific atrocities of World War II, including the Holocaust, the Rape of Nanking, and the Bataan Death March. They also waged a brutal war of aggression against other countries, including Poland, France, and the Soviet Union.
Additional Information
- The Allies were a coalition of countries that opposed the Axis powers.
- The principal members were the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France. The Allies eventually defeated the Axis powers in the war.
- Britain was a member of the Allies, not the Axis powers. Britain was one of the first countries to declare war on Germany after it invaded Poland in 1939.
- Britain played a key role in the war, both militarily and economically. It also provided a base of operations for the Allied invasion of Normandy in 1944.
- The Axis powers were defeated in the war in 1945.
- Germany surrendered after the Battle of Berlin, and Japan surrendered after the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
